Thank you all for the replies! They are helping me think about this list in new ways and in different situations. So for your trouble, I'm going to shred your replies and raise counter-points.
I feel I have answers for your concerns. And I have many replies to get to, so I'll just get right to the points, in the order in which they were received.
Overall what I'm getting, if I'm reading most of you correctly, is a White Scars vibe. Yeah, I've seen that list. And no, that's not what I'm trying to do here. I'm quite content with my bikes in a harassment role. I have no interest in Khan. (ETA: With Calgar, I can choose to fail Assaults I get stuck in a bad spot, so it's a very poor man's Hit & Run.)
I don't see what Calgar does for you in this list. You have no tactical units, so you're losing out on his ability to fire off the Ultramarines chapter tactics.
Combat Doctrines are not limited to Tactical Squads. The text states repeatedly "models in this detachment" with no further qualifier.
Why no Bike Chaptermaster? Then you have 6 troops.
I don't really have Troops issues, I don't think. Scouts can combat squad, and still all fit in the same Land Raider if need be. (Very important improvement to Combat Squads in this book.) But this does have me thinking.
He'd end up being more expensive HQ than Lysander, but if he's outside of a Land Raider, then I don't need a Land Raider? So maybe I sacrifice two grav-guns for a 10-bike squad heralded by the Chapter Master. I don't know. Without Khan, I see bikes as pricy, but I couldn't take Khan because he's getting his ass handed to him in combat.
Marneus and a Scout Squad of Ten can not fit in a Land Raider since the Transport Capacity is only 10 models.
Land Raider Redeemer has a capacity of 12 models.
The Scout Squads that you run with the Herohammer I would give CCW so you just get a boat load more attacks when you assault since they are free and you won't be firing the boltguns.
I was thinking about that for all the Scout Squads except the one in Lysander's detachment, at least under this exact list. With a Chapter Master, it's almost assured all the Scouts would have CCWs.
You will have issues with Flyers obviously.
With the whole army up and punching face, it seems less of a concern. Plus, I could always use Devastator doctrine to boost my chances (twice if need really be).
Space marines assault units will never out beat dedicated assault (eldar/dark eldar, daemon, nids) units in combat, that's why people who do choose to take bikers also take White Scar tactics to gain "hit and run". Bikes are excellent for harassing, but will not survive getting stuck in combat with a real assaulter.
So I'll shoot them instead.
Instead of Lysander take a scars chapter master with artificer, shield eternal, thunderhammer or pfist.
This has great merit! To match up with Lysander, let's say we give him a Thunderhammer. That's 230 points total, same as Lysander.
The differences: Lysander will have a better invulnerable save, and the Chapter Master has an Orbital Bombardment. But the Chapter Master instead really cleans up the list. I could get more mileage from Calgar and Combat Doctrines with the whole army under an Ultramarines banner. Plus my comp score and Player's Choice goes up! *pushes up nerd glasses*
Odd thing I just noticed, Lysander has both an Iron Halo and a Storm Shield.
Instead of calgar take 10 honor guard in a redeemer/crusader.
So for 110 points, 6 Honor Guard instead of 10 Scouts. Hmm!